As the societal role of women has changed and evolved, so has the role of the First Lady of the United States. Initially the responsibilities of FLOTUS were primarily social and ceremonial, as fulfilled by Martha Washington in her duties as hostess. But already a more active role was introduced by the second First Lady of the United States, Abigail Adams, signalling the stylistic evolution that has since continued.

Abigail Adams was the closest advisor to her husband, John, and in that way contributed behind the scenes to his participation in the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress, his diplomacy in Britain and Europe, and in his Vice Presidency and Presidency. Though quite traditional in many ways, the close intellectual and emotional rapport she shared with her husband was unique for the time, and earned her the title of “Mrs. President.” Students can learn more about this exceptional First Lady in Kem Knapp Sawyer’s biography, Abigail Adams, located in our Middle School collection.

Eleanor Roosevelt held the office of First Lady four times, from 1933 to 1945. She transformed the role to one of activism and public engagement, advocating for human rights, and racial and social equality. Eleanor Roosevelt held press conferences, delivered speeches, and wrote the newspaper column, My Day, that appeared six days a week from 1935 to 1961. Younger students can learn about the challenging childhood that forged her compassionate commitment to the poor and disadvantaged in Barbara Cooney’s book, Eleanor. After reading this Lower School book, they’ll understand why Adlai Stevenson reflected that Eleanor “would rather light candles than curse the darkness.”

Michele Obama was the first First Lady of color, and teamed with her husband through two terms. She referred to herself as the “Mom in Chief” and advocated for military families, women’s rights, and healthy lifestyles through her “Let’s Move” campaign. Despite the racism she faced, her humanity and visibly warm relationships with her husband, two daughters, and staff endeared her to the public. Older students can read about her family background and dedication to advocacy and reform in her memoir, Becoming, which is found in our Upper School collection. Here they’ll discover how Michele Obama further evolved the public perception of FLOTUS as she skillfully navigated issues of race, gender stereotypes, and leadership while collaborating with her husband. Now a new FLOTUS is in residence at the White House. Time will reveal how Melania Trump inhabits the role of First Lady through her second term; stay tuned!